Christianity emerged in Palestine in the first third of the first century. in the 60s of the first century BC. e. the existing Jewish Kingdom there became dependent on Rome, and Augustus and all joined the country to the Empire. The province of Judea was formed, governed by a Procurator of equestrian rank, and Roman power was superimposed on the complex picture of socio-economic and political relations peculiar to such provinces. In this respect, Judea was virtually indistinguishable from the other Eastern provinces of the Roman Empire. The originality of Judea lay in her religion.

The Jewish religion differed from all then existing a number of features. First of all, it is a consistent monotheism, monotheism. For the Jews Yahweh is not the Supreme, but the only God, the Creator and ruler of the world, all other deities are false gods, and any concession to their cult is the greatest sin. But if Yahweh is the only true God and there are no others, why is He worshipped only by the Jews? The answer to this question was the idea of God’s election of the Jewish people. God chose the Jews and made a Covenant with their ancestors Abraham, Isaac and Jacob (Israel), according to which the descendants of the patriarchs will always honor the true God, and he will protect them. God’s choice is the second feature of the Jewish religion. This conflicted with the real destinies of the people, so having faith in the manifestation of the divine Savior, the anointed one of God, the Messiah, who in the end times it will be the world for the salvation of his people, punish his enemies and establish the Kingdom of God. His coming will be preceded by the second appearance on earth of the prophet Elijah, once taken alive to heaven. Monotheism, divinity, and messianism are the three main pillars of the Jewish religion. YH acceptance left an imprint on all disputes, on the solution of all questions, on all way of life and all people, and the individual.

The adoption of these basic provisions left an imprint on the relations of the Jews and the Roman authorities, and to other Nations. These relations were automatically translated into the religious plane. Every political and social movement, including the opposition to Roman rule, became religious, and, conversely, every religious movement became political.